That the children of the 15th, 16th, even 17th century very well understood the dialogues, and how they came to this understanding, is shown in another source. In the first years of the 17th century, the royal physician Heroard kept a detailed diary on the development of Louis XIII, and it can be seen how uninhibited the children were at that time concerning sexual phenomena, including sex between children and adults.
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How great is the interest in educational matters today is shown by a walk into any bookstore. To have stimulated this interest is not the only merit of the "anti-authoritarian movement." Numerous documents from psychoanalytic and Marxist pedagogy from the period before 1933, forgotten and almost lost, were newly released, partly in pirated editions. Our knowledge of facts about the sexuality of children is greater today than ever, especially since now the research results of other countries are taken with less resistance. Whoever is willing to be informed, finds enough material. 15
RA Spitz has come to similar conclusions, from his thorough studies of psychosexual development in early life. 17 Above all, he was able to show that playing with the genitals in the first year of life is the rule, but only if the mother-to-child relationship is satisfactory and the general development is well advanced. 18 A3 This is also confirmed by Kinsey and his associates, to which we previously owe the most accurate information about sexual skills and activities for young children. 19 According to their studies, both boys and girls from the age of about 5 months are able to have an orgasm, which differs from the adult orgasm in no fundamental respect.
The effects of sexual relationships during childhood can best be estimated from studies which were conducted in the Netherlands. F. Bernard 23 surveyed 30 Dutch adults who as children had sexual relationships with adults to learn how they feel about these relationships in retrospect. A characterological investigation followed. The subjects almost always rated their sexual relationships as positive. "The frequency of psychologically or functionally neurotic symptoms and social behaviour do not differ from the general Dutch population. On the contrary, the test shows that the "victims" are less likely to feel threatened or tense than the "average Dutchman" . . . It seems as if they understand themselves better, are more self-critical and less defensive." E. Brongersma 24 found similar results based on an analysis of the available material about the issue of pedophilia. If the environment does not discriminate against such relationships, one can expect positive effects on personal development the more the older party feels responsible for the younger. There is no reason to assume that these results do not also apply to love between children of the same age. Their meaning should therefore strongly depend on how they are evaluated by adult caregivers.
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